Network Working Group D. Thaler, Ed. Internet-Draft Microsoft Intended status: Standards Track 10 July 2023 Expires: 11 January 2024 eBPF Instruction Set Specification, v1.0 draft-thaler-bpf-isa-01 Abstract This document specifies version 1.0 of the eBPF instruction set. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 11 January 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 Table of Contents 1. Documentation conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Registers and calling convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Instruction encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1. Instruction classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Arithmetic and jump instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.1. Arithmetic instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.1.1. Byte swap instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2. Jump instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2.1. Helper functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.2.2. Program-local functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. Load and store instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.1. Regular load and store operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2. Atomic operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.3. 64-bit immediate instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 5.3.1. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.3.2. Platform Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.4. Legacy BPF Packet access instructions . . . . . . . . . . 16 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7. Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1. Documentation conventions For brevity, this document uses the type notion "u64", "u32", etc. to mean an unsigned integer whose width is the specified number of bits, and "s32", etc. to mean a signed integer of the specified number of bits. 2. Registers and calling convention eBPF has 10 general purpose registers and a read-only frame pointer register, all of which are 64-bits wide. The eBPF calling convention is defined as: * R0: return value from function calls, and exit value for eBPF programs * R1 - R5: arguments for function calls * R6 - R9: callee saved registers that function calls will preserve * R10: read-only frame pointer to access stack R0 - R5 are scratch registers and eBPF programs needs to spill/fill them if necessary across calls. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 3. Instruction encoding eBPF has two instruction encodings: * the basic instruction encoding, which uses 64 bits to encode an instruction * the wide instruction encoding, which appends a second 64-bit immediate (i.e., constant) value after the basic instruction for a total of 128 bits. The fields conforming an encoded basic instruction are stored in the following order: opcode:8 src_reg:4 dst_reg:4 offset:16 imm:32 // In little-endian BPF. opcode:8 dst_reg:4 src_reg:4 offset:16 imm:32 // In big-endian BPF. *imm* signed integer immediate value *offset* signed integer offset used with pointer arithmetic *src_reg* the source register number (0-10), except where otherwise specified (64-bit immediate instructions (Section 5.3) reuse this field for other purposes) *dst_reg* destination register number (0-10) *opcode* operation to perform Note that the contents of multi-byte fields ('imm' and 'offset') are stored using big-endian byte ordering in big-endian BPF and little- endian byte ordering in little-endian BPF. For example: opcode offset imm assembly src_reg dst_reg 07 0 1 00 00 44 33 22 11 r1 += 0x11223344 // little dst_reg src_reg 07 1 0 00 00 11 22 33 44 r1 += 0x11223344 // big Note that most instructions do not use all of the fields. Unused fields shall be cleared to zero. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 As discussed below in 64-bit immediate instructions (Section 5.3), a 64-bit immediate instruction uses a 64-bit immediate value that is constructed as follows. The 64 bits following the basic instruction contain a pseudo instruction using the same format but with opcode, dst_reg, src_reg, and offset all set to zero, and imm containing the high 32 bits of the immediate value. This is depicted in the following figure: basic_instruction .-----------------------------. | | code:8 regs:8 offset:16 imm:32 unused:32 imm:32 | | '--------------' pseudo instruction Thus the 64-bit immediate value is constructed as follows: | imm64 = (next_imm << 32) | imm where 'next_imm' refers to the imm value of the pseudo instruction following the basic instruction. The unused bytes in the pseudo instruction are reserved and shall be cleared to zero. 3.1. Instruction classes The three LSB bits of the 'opcode' field store the instruction class: Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 +===========+=======+====================+==========================+ | class | value | description | reference | +===========+=======+====================+==========================+ | BPF_LD | 0x00 | non-standard | Load and store | | | | load operations | instructions (Section 5) | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_LDX | 0x01 | load into | Load and store | | | | register | instructions (Section 5) | | | | operations | | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_ST | 0x02 | store from | Load and store | | | | immediate | instructions (Section 5) | | | | operations | | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_STX | 0x03 | store from | Load and store | | | | register | instructions (Section 5) | | | | operations | | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_ALU | 0x04 | 32-bit | Arithmetic and jump | | | | arithmetic | instructions (Section 4) | | | | operations | | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_JMP | 0x05 | 64-bit jump | Arithmetic and jump | | | | operations | instructions (Section 4) | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_JMP32 | 0x06 | 32-bit jump | Arithmetic and jump | | | | operations | instructions (Section 4) | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ | BPF_ALU64 | 0x07 | 64-bit | Arithmetic and jump | | | | arithmetic | instructions (Section 4) | | | | operations | | +-----------+-------+--------------------+--------------------------+ Table 1 4. Arithmetic and jump instructions For arithmetic and jump instructions (BPF_ALU, BPF_ALU64, BPF_JMP and BPF_JMP32), the 8-bit 'opcode' field is divided into three parts: +==============+========+===================+ | 4 bits (MSB) | 1 bit | 3 bits (LSB) | +==============+========+===================+ | code | source | instruction class | +--------------+--------+-------------------+ Table 2 Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 *code* the operation code, whose meaning varies by instruction class *source* the source operand location, which unless otherwise specified is one of: +========+=======+================================================+ | source | value | description | +========+=======+================================================+ | BPF_K | 0x00 | use 32-bit 'imm' value as source operand | +--------+-------+------------------------------------------------+ | BPF_X | 0x08 | use 'src_reg' register value as source operand | +--------+-------+------------------------------------------------+ Table 3 *instruction class* the instruction class (see Instruction classes (Section 3.1)) 4.1. Arithmetic instructions BPF_ALU uses 32-bit wide operands while BPF_ALU64 uses 64-bit wide operands for otherwise identical operations. The 'code' field encodes the operation as below, where 'src' and 'dst' refer to the values of the source and destination registers, respectively. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 +==========+=======+======================================+ | code | value | description | +==========+=======+======================================+ | BPF_ADD | 0x00 | dst += src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_SUB | 0x10 | dst -= src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_MUL | 0x20 | dst *= src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_DIV | 0x30 | dst = (src != 0) ? (dst / src) : 0 | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_OR | 0x40 | dst |= src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_AND | 0x50 | dst &= src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_LSH | 0x60 | dst <<= (src & mask) | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_RSH | 0x70 | dst >>= (src & mask) | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_NEG | 0x80 | dst = -src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_MOD | 0x90 | dst = (src != 0) ? (dst % src) : dst | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_XOR | 0xa0 | dst ^= src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_MOV | 0xb0 | dst = src | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_ARSH | 0xc0 | sign extending dst >>= (src & mask) | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ | BPF_END | 0xd0 | byte swap operations (see Byte swap | | | | instructions (Section 4.1.1) below) | +----------+-------+--------------------------------------+ Table 4 Underflow and overflow are allowed during arithmetic operations, meaning the 64-bit or 32-bit value will wrap. If eBPF program execution would result in division by zero, the destination register is instead set to zero. If execution would result in modulo by zero, for BPF_ALU64 the value of the destination register is unchanged whereas for BPF_ALU the upper 32 bits of the destination register are zeroed. BPF_ADD | BPF_X | BPF_ALU means: dst = (u32) ((u32) dst + (u32) src) where '(u32)' indicates that the upper 32 bits are zeroed. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 BPF_ADD | BPF_X | BPF_ALU64 means: dst = dst + src BPF_XOR | BPF_K | BPF_ALU means: dst = (u32) dst ^ (u32) imm32 BPF_XOR | BPF_K | BPF_ALU64 means: dst = dst ^ imm32 Also note that the division and modulo operations are unsigned. Thus, for BPF_ALU, 'imm' is first interpreted as an unsigned 32-bit value, whereas for BPF_ALU64, 'imm' is first sign extended to 64 bits and the result interpreted as an unsigned 64-bit value. There are no instructions for signed division or modulo. Shift operations use a mask of 0x3F (63) for 64-bit operations and 0x1F (31) for 32-bit operations. 4.1.1. Byte swap instructions The byte swap instructions use an instruction class of BPF_ALU and a 4-bit 'code' field of BPF_END. The byte swap instructions operate on the destination register only and do not use a separate source register or immediate value. The 1-bit source operand field in the opcode is used to select what byte order the operation convert from or to: +===========+=======+===========================+ | source | value | description | +===========+=======+===========================+ | BPF_TO_LE | 0x00 | convert between host byte | | | | order and little endian | +-----------+-------+---------------------------+ | BPF_TO_BE | 0x08 | convert between host byte | | | | order and big endian | +-----------+-------+---------------------------+ Table 5 The 'imm' field encodes the width of the swap operations. The following widths are supported: 16, 32 and 64. Examples: Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_LE | BPF_END with imm = 16 means: dst = htole16(dst) BPF_ALU | BPF_TO_BE | BPF_END with imm = 64 means: dst = htobe64(dst) 4.2. Jump instructions BPF_JMP32 uses 32-bit wide operands while BPF_JMP uses 64-bit wide operands for otherwise identical operations. The 'code' field encodes the operation as below: +==========+=======+=====+=====================+===================+ | code | value | src | description | notes | +==========+=======+=====+=====================+===================+ | BPF_JA | 0x0 | 0x0 | PC += offset | BPF_JMP only | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JEQ | 0x1 | any | PC += offset if dst | | | | | | == src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JGT | 0x2 | any | PC += offset if dst | unsigned | | | | | > src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JGE | 0x3 | any | PC += offset if dst | unsigned | | | | | >= src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JSET | 0x4 | any | PC += offset if dst | | | | | | & src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JNE | 0x5 | any | PC += offset if dst | | | | | | != src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JSGT | 0x6 | any | PC += offset if dst | signed | | | | | > src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JSGE | 0x7 | any | PC += offset if dst | signed | | | | | >= src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_CALL | 0x8 | 0x0 | call helper | see Helper | | | | | function by address | functions | | | | | | (Section 4.2.1) | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_CALL | 0x8 | 0x1 | call PC += offset | see Program-local | | | | | | functions | | | | | | (Section 4.2.2) | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | BPF_CALL | 0x8 | 0x2 | call helper | see Helper | | | | | function by BTF ID | functions | | | | | | (Section 4.2.1) | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_EXIT | 0x9 | 0x0 | return | BPF_JMP only | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JLT | 0xa | any | PC += offset if dst | unsigned | | | | | < src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JLE | 0xb | any | PC += offset if dst | unsigned | | | | | <= src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JSLT | 0xc | any | PC += offset if dst | signed | | | | | < src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BPF_JSLE | 0xd | any | PC += offset if dst | signed | | | | | <= src | | +----------+-------+-----+---------------------+-------------------+ Table 6 The eBPF program needs to store the return value into register R0 before doing a BPF_EXIT. Example: BPF_JSGE | BPF_X | BPF_JMP32 (0x7e) means: if (s32)dst s>= (s32)src goto +offset where 's>=' indicates a signed '>=' comparison. 4.2.1. Helper functions Helper functions are a concept whereby BPF programs can call into a set of function calls exposed by the underlying platform. Historically, each helper function was identified by an address encoded in the imm field. The available helper functions may differ for each program type, but address values are unique across all program types. Platforms that support the BPF Type Format (BTF) support identifying a helper function by a BTF ID encoded in the imm field, where the BTF ID identifies the helper name and type. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 10] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 4.2.2. Program-local functions Program-local functions are functions exposed by the same BPF program as the caller, and are referenced by offset from the call instruction, similar to BPF_JA. A BPF_EXIT within the program-local function will return to the caller. 5. Load and store instructions For load and store instructions (BPF_LD, BPF_LDX, BPF_ST, and BPF_STX), the 8-bit 'opcode' field is divided as: +==============+========+===================+ | 3 bits (MSB) | 2 bits | 3 bits (LSB) | +==============+========+===================+ | mode | size | instruction class | +--------------+--------+-------------------+ Table 7 The mode modifier is one of: +============+=======+==================+=====================+ | mode | value | description | reference | | modifier | | | | +============+=======+==================+=====================+ | BPF_IMM | 0x00 | 64-bit immediate | 64-bit immediate | | | | instructions | instructions | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +------------+-------+------------------+---------------------+ | BPF_ABS | 0x20 | legacy BPF | Legacy BPF Packet | | | | packet access | access instructions | | | | (absolute) | (Section 5.4) | +------------+-------+------------------+---------------------+ | BPF_IND | 0x40 | legacy BPF | Legacy BPF Packet | | | | packet access | access instructions | | | | (indirect) | (Section 5.4) | +------------+-------+------------------+---------------------+ | BPF_MEM | 0x60 | regular load and | Regular load and | | | | store operations | store operations | | | | | (Section 5.1) | +------------+-------+------------------+---------------------+ | BPF_ATOMIC | 0xc0 | atomic | Atomic operations | | | | operations | (Section 5.2) | +------------+-------+------------------+---------------------+ Table 8 Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 11] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 The size modifier is one of: +===============+=======+=======================+ | size modifier | value | description | +===============+=======+=======================+ | BPF_W | 0x00 | word (4 bytes) | +---------------+-------+-----------------------+ | BPF_H | 0x08 | half word (2 bytes) | +---------------+-------+-----------------------+ | BPF_B | 0x10 | byte | +---------------+-------+-----------------------+ | BPF_DW | 0x18 | double word (8 bytes) | +---------------+-------+-----------------------+ Table 9 5.1. Regular load and store operations The BPF_MEM mode modifier is used to encode regular load and store instructions that transfer data between a register and memory. BPF_MEM | | BPF_STX means: *(size *) (dst + offset) = src BPF_MEM | | BPF_ST means: *(size *) (dst + offset) = imm32 BPF_MEM | | BPF_LDX means: dst = *(size *) (src + offset) Where size is one of: BPF_B, BPF_H, BPF_W, or BPF_DW. 5.2. Atomic operations Atomic operations are operations that operate on memory and can not be interrupted or corrupted by other access to the same memory region by other eBPF programs or means outside of this specification. All atomic operations supported by eBPF are encoded as store operations that use the BPF_ATOMIC mode modifier as follows: * BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_W | BPF_STX for 32-bit operations * BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_DW | BPF_STX for 64-bit operations Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 12] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 * 8-bit and 16-bit wide atomic operations are not supported. The 'imm' field is used to encode the actual atomic operation. Simple atomic operation use a subset of the values defined to encode arithmetic operations in the 'imm' field to encode the atomic operation: +=========+=======+=============+ | imm | value | description | +=========+=======+=============+ | BPF_ADD | 0x00 | atomic add | +---------+-------+-------------+ | BPF_OR | 0x40 | atomic or | +---------+-------+-------------+ | BPF_AND | 0x50 | atomic and | +---------+-------+-------------+ | BPF_XOR | 0xa0 | atomic xor | +---------+-------+-------------+ Table 10 BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_W | BPF_STX with 'imm' = BPF_ADD means: *(u32 *)(dst + offset) += src BPF_ATOMIC | BPF_DW | BPF_STX with 'imm' = BPF ADD means: *(u64 *)(dst + offset) += src In addition to the simple atomic operations, there also is a modifier and two complex atomic operations: +=============+==================+=============================+ | imm | value | description | +=============+==================+=============================+ | BPF_FETCH | 0x01 | modifier: return old value | +-------------+------------------+-----------------------------+ | BPF_XCHG | 0xe0 | BPF_FETCH | atomic exchange | +-------------+------------------+-----------------------------+ | BPF_CMPXCHG | 0xf0 | BPF_FETCH | atomic compare and exchange | +-------------+------------------+-----------------------------+ Table 11 The BPF_FETCH modifier is optional for simple atomic operations, and always set for the complex atomic operations. If the BPF_FETCH flag is set, then the operation also overwrites src with the value that was in memory before it was modified. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 13] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 The BPF_XCHG operation atomically exchanges src with the value addressed by dst + offset. The BPF_CMPXCHG operation atomically compares the value addressed by dst + offset with R0. If they match, the value addressed by dst + offset is replaced with src. In either case, the value that was at dst + offset before the operation is zero-extended and loaded back to R0. 5.3. 64-bit immediate instructions Instructions with the BPF_IMM 'mode' modifier use the wide instruction encoding defined in Instruction encoding (Section 3), and use the 'src' field of the basic instruction to hold an opcode subtype. The following table defines a set of BPF_IMM | BPF_DW | BPF_LD instructions with opcode subtypes in the 'src' field, using new terms such as "map" defined further below: Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 14] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 +============+======+===+========================+========+=======+ |opcode |opcode|src|pseudocode |imm type|dst | |construction| | | | |type | +============+======+===+========================+========+=======+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x0|dst = imm64 |integer |integer| |BPF_DW | | | | | | | |BPF_LD | | | | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x1|dst = map_by_fd(imm) |map fd |map | |BPF_DW | | | | | | | |BPF_LD | | | | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x2|dst = |map fd |data | |BPF_DW | | | |map_val(map_by_fd(imm)) | |pointer| |BPF_LD | | |+ next_imm | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x3|dst = var_addr(imm) |variable|data | |BPF_DW | | | | |id |pointer| |BPF_LD | | | | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x4|dst = code_addr(imm) |integer |code | |BPF_DW | | | | | |pointer| |BPF_LD | | | | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x5|dst = map_by_idx(imm) |map |map | |BPF_DW | | | | |index | | |BPF_LD | | | | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ |BPF_IMM | |0x18 |0x6|dst = |map |data | |BPF_DW | | | |map_val(map_by_idx(imm))|index |pointer| |BPF_LD | | |+ next_imm | | | +------------+------+---+------------------------+--------+-------+ Table 12 where * map_by_fd(imm) means to convert a 32-bit file descriptor into an address of a map (see Maps (Section 5.3.1)) * map_by_idx(imm) means to convert a 32-bit index into an address of a map * map_val(map) gets the address of the first value in a given map * var_addr(imm) gets the address of a platform variable (see Platform Variables (Section 5.3.2)) with a given id Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 15] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 * code_addr(imm) gets the address of the instruction at a specified relative offset in number of (64-bit) instructions * the 'imm type' can be used by disassemblers for display * the 'dst type' can be used for verification and JIT compilation purposes 5.3.1. Maps Maps are shared memory regions accessible by eBPF programs on some platforms. A map can have various semantics as defined in a separate document, and may or may not have a single contiguous memory region, but the 'map_val(map)' is currently only defined for maps that do have a single contiguous memory region. Each map can have a file descriptor (fd) if supported by the platform, where 'map_by_fd(imm)' means to get the map with the specified file descriptor. Each BPF program can also be defined to use a set of maps associated with the program at load time, and 'map_by_idx(imm)' means to get the map with the given index in the set associated with the BPF program containing the instruction. 5.3.2. Platform Variables Platform variables are memory regions, identified by integer ids, exposed by the runtime and accessible by BPF programs on some platforms. The 'var_addr(imm)' operation means to get the address of the memory region identified by the given id. 5.4. Legacy BPF Packet access instructions eBPF previously introduced special instructions for access to packet data that were carried over from classic BPF. However, these instructions are deprecated and should no longer be used. 6. Acknowledgements This draft was generated from instruction-set.rst in the Linux kernel repository, to which a number of other individuals have authored contributions over time, including Akhil Raj, Christoph Hellwig, Jose E. Marchesi, Kosuke Fujimoto, Shahab Vahedi, Tiezhu Yang, and Zheng Yejian, with review and suggestions by many others including Alan Jowett, Alexei Starovoitov, Andrii Nakryiko, Daniel Borkmann, David Vernet, Jim Harris, Quentin Monnet, Song Liu, Shung-Hsi Yu, Stanislav Fomichev, and Yonghong Song. Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 16] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 7. Appendix For reference, the following table lists opcodes in order by value. +========+=====+======+==========================+===============+ | opcode | src | imm |description | reference | +========+=====+======+==========================+===============+ | 0x00 | 0x0 | any |(additional immediate | 64-bit | | | | |value) | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x04 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)((u32)dst + | Arithmetic | | | | |(u32)imm) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x05 | 0x0 | 0x00 |goto +offset | Jump | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x07 | 0x0 | any |dst += imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x0c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)((u32)dst + | Arithmetic | | | | |(u32)src) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x0f | any | 0x00 |dst += src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x14 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)((u32)dst - | Arithmetic | | | | |(u32)imm) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x15 | 0x0 | any |if dst == imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x16 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst == imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x17 | 0x0 | any |dst -= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 17] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | 0x18 | 0x0 | any |dst = imm64 | 64-bit | | | | | | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x1 | any |dst = map_by_fd(imm) | 64-bit | | | | | | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x2 | any |dst = | 64-bit | | | | |mva(map_by_fd(imm)) + | immediate | | | | |next_imm | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x3 | any |dst = variable_addr(imm) | 64-bit | | | | | | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x4 | any |dst = code_addr(imm) | 64-bit | | | | | | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x5 | any |dst = map_by_idx(imm) | 64-bit | | | | | | immediate | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x18 | 0x6 | any |dst = | 64-bit | | | | |mva(map_by_idx(imm)) + | immediate | | | | |next_imm | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.3) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x1c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)((u32)dst - | Arithmetic | | | | |(u32)src) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x1d | any | 0x00 |if dst == src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x1e | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst == (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x1f | any | 0x00 |dst -= src | Arithmetic | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 18] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x20 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x24 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst * imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x25 | 0x0 | any |if dst > imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x26 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst > imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x27 | 0x0 | any |dst *= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x28 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x2c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst * src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x2d | any | 0x00 |if dst > src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x2e | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst > (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x2f | any | 0x00 |dst *= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x30 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 19] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x34 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)((imm != 0) ? | Arithmetic | | | | |(dst / imm) : 0) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x35 | 0x0 | any |if dst >= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x36 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst >= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x37 | 0x0 | any |dst = (imm != 0) ? (dst | Arithmetic | | | | |/ imm) : 0 | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x38 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x3c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)((imm != 0) ? | Arithmetic | | | | |(dst / src) : 0) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x3d | any | 0x00 |if dst >= src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x3e | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst >= (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x3f | any | 0x00 |dst = (src !+ 0) ? (dst | Arithmetic | | | | |/ src) : 0 | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x40 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x44 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst | imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 20] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | 0x45 | 0x0 | any |if dst & imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x46 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst & imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x47 | 0x0 | any |dst |= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x48 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x4c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst | src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x4d | any | 0x00 |if dst & src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x4e | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst & (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x4f | any | 0x00 |dst |= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x50 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x54 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst & imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x55 | 0x0 | any |if dst != imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x56 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst != imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 21] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x57 | 0x0 | any |dst &= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x58 | any | any |(deprecated, | Legacy BPF | | | | |implementation-specific) | Packet access | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5.4) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x5c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst & src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x5d | any | 0x00 |if dst != src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x5e | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst != (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x5f | any | 0x00 |dst &= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x61 | any | 0x00 |dst = *(u32 *)(src + | Load and | | | | |offset) | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x62 | 0x0 | any |*(u32 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |imm | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x63 | any | 0x00 |*(u32 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |src | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x64 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst << imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x65 | 0x0 | any |if dst s> imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 22] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x66 | 0x0 | any |if (s32)dst s> (s32)imm | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x67 | 0x0 | any |dst <<= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x69 | any | 0x00 |dst = *(u16 *)(src + | Load and | | | | |offset) | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6a | 0x0 | any |*(u16 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |imm | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6b | any | 0x00 |*(u16 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |src | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst << src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6d | any | 0x00 |if dst s> src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6e | any | 0x00 |if (s32)dst s> (s32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x6f | any | 0x00 |dst <<= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x71 | any | 0x00 |dst = *(u8 *)(src + | Load and | | | | |offset) | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x72 | 0x0 | any |*(u8 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |imm | store | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 23] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x73 | any | 0x00 |*(u8 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |src | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x74 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst >> imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x75 | 0x0 | any |if dst s>= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x76 | 0x0 | any |if (s32)dst s>= (s32)imm | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x77 | 0x0 | any |dst >>= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x79 | any | 0x00 |dst = *(u64 *)(src + | Load and | | | | |offset) | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7a | 0x0 | any |*(u64 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |imm | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7b | any | 0x00 |*(u64 *)(dst + offset) = | Load and | | | | |src | store | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 5) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst >> src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7d | any | 0x00 |if dst s>= src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7e | any | 0x00 |if (s32)dst s>= (s32)src | Jump | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 24] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x7f | any | 0x00 |dst >>= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x84 | 0x0 | 0x00 |dst = (u32)-dst | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x85 | 0x0 | any |call platform-agnostic | Helper | | | | |helper function imm | functions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.2.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x85 | 0x1 | any |call PC += offset | Program-local | | | | | | functions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.2.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x85 | 0x2 | any |call platform-specific | Helper | | | | |helper function imm | functions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.2.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x87 | 0x0 | 0x00 |dst = -dst | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x94 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)((imm != 0) ? | Arithmetic | | | | |(dst % imm) : dst) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x95 | 0x0 | 0x00 |return | Jump | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x97 | 0x0 | any |dst = (imm != 0) ? (dst | Arithmetic | | | | |% imm) : dst | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x9c | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)((src != 0) ? | Arithmetic | | | | |(dst % src) : dst) | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0x9f | any | 0x00 |dst = (src != 0) ? (dst | Arithmetic | | | | |% src) : dst | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 25] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xa4 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst ^ imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xa5 | 0x0 | any |if dst < imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xa6 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst < imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xa7 | 0x0 | any |dst ^= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xac | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst ^ src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xad | any | 0x00 |if dst < src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xae | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst < (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xaf | any | 0x00 |dst ^= src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xb4 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32) imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xb5 | 0x0 | any |if dst <= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xa6 | 0x0 | any |if (u32)dst <= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xb7 | 0x0 | any |dst = imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 26] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xbc | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32) src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xbd | any | 0x00 |if dst <= src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xbe | any | 0x00 |if (u32)dst <= (u32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xbf | any | 0x00 |dst = src | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x00 |lock *(u32 *)(dst + | Atomic | | | | |offset) += src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x01 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u32 *)(dst + offset) += src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x40 |*(u32 *)(dst + | Atomic | | | | |offset) |= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x41 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u32 *)(dst + offset) |= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x50 |*(u32 *)(dst + offset) | Atomic | | | | |&= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0x51 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u32 *)(dst + offset) &= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0xa0 |*(u32 *)(dst + offset) | Atomic | | | | |^= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 27] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0xa1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u32 *)(dst + offset) ^= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0xe1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | temp = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| (Section 5.2) | | | | | *(u32 *)(dst + offset) = src| | | | | | src = temp | | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc3 | any | 0xf1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | temp = *(u32 *)(dst + offset)| (Section 5.2) | | | | | if *(u32)(dst + offset) == R0| | | | | | *(u32)(dst + offset) = src| | | | | | R0 = temp | | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc4 | 0x0 | any |dst = (u32)(dst s>> imm) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc5 | 0x0 | any |if dst s< imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc6 | 0x0 | any |if (s32)dst s< (s32)imm | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xc7 | 0x0 | any |dst s>>= imm | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xcc | any | 0x00 |dst = (u32)(dst s>> src) | Arithmetic | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xcd | any | 0x00 |if dst s< src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xce | any | 0x00 |if (s32)dst s< (s32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xcf | any | 0x00 |dst s>>= src | Arithmetic | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 28] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xd4 | 0x0 | 0x10 |dst = htole16(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xd4 | 0x0 | 0x20 |dst = htole32(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xd4 | 0x0 | 0x40 |dst = htole64(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xd5 | 0x0 | any |if dst s<= imm goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xd6 | 0x0 | any |if (s32)dst s<= (s32)imm | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0x00 |lock *(u64 *)(dst + | Atomic | | | | |offset) += src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0x01 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u64 *)(dst + offset) += src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0x40 |*(u64 *)(dst + | Atomic | | | | |offset) |= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0x41 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u64 *)(dst + offset) |= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | lock src = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0x50 |*(u64 *)(dst + offset) | Atomic | | | | |&= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 29] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | 0xdb | any | 0x51 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u64 *)(dst + offset) &= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0xa0 |*(u64 *)(dst + offset) | Atomic | | | | |^= src | operations | | | | | | (Section 5.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0xa1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | *(u64 *)(dst + offset) ^= src| (Section 5.2) | | | | | src = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0xe1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | temp = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| (Section 5.2) | | | | | *(u64 *)(dst + offset) = src| | | | | | src = temp | | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdb | any | 0xf1 |lock: | Atomic | | | | | | operations | | | | | temp = *(u64 *)(dst + offset)| (Section 5.2) | | | | | if *(u64)(dst + offset) == R0| | | | | | *(u64)(dst + offset) = src| | | | | | R0 = temp | | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdc | 0x0 | 0x10 |dst = htobe16(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdc | 0x0 | 0x20 |dst = htobe32(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdc | 0x0 | 0x40 |dst = htobe64(dst) | Byte swap | | | | | | instructions | | | | | | (Section | | | | | | 4.1.1) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xdd | any | 0x00 |if dst s<= src goto | Jump | | | | |+offset | instructions | | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0xde | any | 0x00 |if (s32)dst s<= (s32)src | Jump | | | | |goto +offset | instructions | Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 30] Internet-Draft eBPF ISA July 2023 | | | | | (Section 4.2) | +--------+-----+------+--------------------------+---------------+ Table 13 Author's Address Dave Thaler (editor) Microsoft Redmond, WA 98052 United States of America Email: dthaler@microsoft.com Thaler Expires 11 January 2024 [Page 31]