| Internet-Draft | 3901bis | July 2023 |
| Wicinski. (ed) | Expires 24 January 2024 | [Page] |
This memo provides guidelines and Best Current Practice for operating DNS in a world where queries and responses are carried in a mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 networks.¶
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The Internet is well on its way to a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6 networks. The concern is that a resolver using only a particular version of IP and querying information about another node using the same version of IP can not do it because somewhere in the chain of servers accessed during the resolution process, one or more of them will only be accessible with the other version of IP.¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. DNS terminology is as described in [RFC8499].¶
The phrase "IPv4 name server" indicates a name server available over IPv4 transport. It does not imply anything about what DNS [RFC1034] [RFC1035] data is served. Likewise, "IPv6 name server" [RFC2460] [RFC3513] [RFC3596] indicates a name server available over IPv6 transport. The phrase "dual-stack name server" indicates a name server that is actually configured to run both protocols, IPv4 and IPv6, and not merely a server running on a system capable of running both but actually configured to run only one.¶
A resolver that tries to look up a name starts out at the root, and follows referrals until it is referred to a name server that is authoritative for the name. If somewhere down the chain of referrals it is referred to a name server that is only accessible over a transport which the resolver cannot use, the resolver is unable to finish the task.¶
With all DNS data only available over IPv4 transport everything is simple. IPv4 resolvers can use the intended mechanism of following referrals from the root and down while IPv6 resolvers have to work through a "translator", i.e., they have to use a recursive name server on a so-called "dual stack" host as a "forwarder" since they cannot access the DNS data directly.¶
With all DNS data only available over IPv6 transport everything would be equally simple, with the exception of IPv4 recursive name servers having to switch to a forwarding configuration.¶
The transition from IPv4 only to a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6, with three categories of DNS data depending on whether the information is available only over IPv4 transport, only over IPv6 or both.¶
Having DNS data available on both transports is the optimal situation.¶
Today there are only a small number of DNS zones that are available over IPv6-only.¶
The recommended approach to maintain name space continuity is to use administrative policies, as described in the next section.¶
In order to preserve name space continuity, the following administrative policies are recommended:¶
every recursive name server SHOULD support the local network configuration. If the local network supports both IPv4 and IPv5, the resolver SHOULD be dual stack.¶
If the service is offering IPv4 as a Service (IPv4aaS), the recursive name server SHOULD accept IPv6, and support dual stack recursive methods.¶
every authorative DNS zone SHOULD be dual stack IPv4/IPv6.¶
A DNS zone can be served by at least one IPv4-reachable authoritative name server.¶
This rules out DNS zones served only by IPv6-only authoritative name servers.¶
Note: zone validation processes SHOULD ensure that there is at least one IPv4 address record available for the name servers of any child delegations within the zone.¶
None¶
Mark Andrews¶